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Theodor Friedrich von Schubert was born in Saint Petersburg, the son of astronomer Theodor von Schubert.
At sixteen, he joined his father on a Russian expedition to China.
He rose to prominence in the Russian army, becoming an infantry general and head of the military topographic service. He fought in the War of the Fourth Coalition (1806), the Finnish War (1808), and the Russo-Turkish War (1810). By 1812, he was an upper quartermaster general and was promoted to colonel after the battle of Leipzig in 1813. From 1815 to 1818, he served with the Russian forces in France, returning thereafter to a general staff position in Russia.
His interest in cartography was notable throughout his career. In 1845, he attained the rank of infantry general.
He died in Stuttgart in 1865, having spent his later years traveling.
