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Grand Format Illustration of the Western Territories of the United States At The Outset of the Civil War
Remarkable large format map of the United States, showing the United States at the outset of American Civil War and highlighting the status of the Territories West of the Mississippi River at the outset of the War.
Among the more fascinating territorial configurations are:
- Arizona Territory below New Mexico Territory -- the "Baylor Line". This was a brief compromise proposal, intended to placate the slave holding states.
- Colorado Territory -- shown less than 19 months after it was created on February 28, 1861
- Nevada Territory -- narrowly configured, it would be expanded twice to the east, as part of the anti-Mormon sentiments of the United States Congress
- Utah Territory -- before the loss of 2 full degrees of its westernmost lands, as its boundary with Nevada movedfrom 114 degrees west to 112 degrees west.
- Washington Territory and Oregon Territory -- extend to Rocky Mountains
- Nebraska Territory - covering Wyoming, Montana and most of the Dakotas.
Stanford's map of the United States has a long and interesting history. First published by Rogers & Johnston in 1857, it was updated on a regular basis over the next 20 years and utilized in the production of 3 atlases, the Rogers & Johnston Atlas of the United States, The People's Pictorial Atlas and later by Hardesty in several productions in 1875.
All editions of Stanford's map are rare on the market.
Edward Stanford (1827-1904) was a prominent British mapmaker and publisher. A native of Holborn in the heart of London, Edward was apprenticed to a printer and stationer at the age of 14. After his first master died, he worked with several others, including Trelawny W. Saunders of Charing Cross. Saunders oversaw young Edward’s early career, ensuring that he became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Associations with the Society eventually brought Sanders much business and gave him a reputation as a publisher of explorers. As testament to this reputation, the Stanford Range in British Columbia was named for him by John Palliser.
Stanford briefly partnered with Saunders in 1852 before striking out on his own in 1853. He was an agent for the Ordnance Survey, the Admiralty, the Geological Survey, the Trigonometrical Survey of India, and the India Office. He also controlled the maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, another lucrative source of income. In 1857, Stanford founded his namesake Geographical Establishment, with Saunders and A. K. Johnston as engravers. Thereafter, Stanford was known for his “library maps”, particularly those of Africa and Asia.
Addresses and Years of Operation:
- 6 Charing Cross, London (1848): Edward Stanford's initial place of employment at Trelawney Saunders' shop.
- 7 and 8 Charing Cross, London (1853): Stanford expanded his shop to these addresses.
- 55 Charing Cross, London (1873): The shop moved to this larger location.
- 12-14 Long Acre, London (1873): Site of the new print works and current flagship store.
- 7 Mercer Walk, London (2019): Stanfords moved to this address, continuing its legacy.
Stanford's work with Chief Cartographer John Bolton, including the 1858 Library Map of Europe, positioned the company as a leader in quality cartography during a time of exploration and colonialism. Their 1862 Library Map of London earned acclaim from the Royal Geographical Society. With the business thriving, Stanford purchased Staunton & Son in 1877 and, upon retiring in 1885, handed over the reins to his son, Edward Stanford II.
As sole agents for Ordnance Survey Maps, the company's influence and reputation grew, culminating in the Stanford’s London Atlas Of Universal Geography, which was presented to Queen Victoria in 1887. The transition into the 20th century saw further integration of retail, print, and cartographic operations at Long Acre.
During World War I, Stanford's became an essential publisher for the War Office. Edward Fraser Stanford took over in 1917, steering the company through the interwar period and innovations, such as the world’s smallest maps in 1922 and the Daily Mail Motor Road Map in 1926.
Withstanding a bombing in WWII, the company continued under the stewardship of John Keith Stanford and was sold to George Philip & Son in 1947. As it adapted to the digital age, Stanfords received the Ordnance Survey Premier Partner status in 2007 and ventured into online mapping and data services.
Stanfords, now an icon for travellers and explorers, has maintained its cultural relevance and retail success well into the 21st century, underpinned by a legacy of entrepreneurial spirit and commitment to cartographic excellence.
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