|
||
|
|
|
|
Nice example of the first edition of Vancouver's chart of Hawaii, with a large inset of part of the Galapagos Islands.
Vancouver's map tracks his route around through the islands in 1793-94, showing the progress with dates and directional arrows.
The map was prepared by George Robinson in London to illustrate the first edition of Vancouver's Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean…published in London, and is the largest map to focus on Hawaii published in the 18th Century. Vancouver's voyage to the Northwest Coast of America is best described as the last major exploration of the North Pacific. Rumsey notes:
Vancouver's charts were the most accurate of the area for many years into the 19th century. . . Streeter calls the accounts of the voyage, "One of the most important accounts of the exploration of the Pacific Northwest and New Zealand, and valuable source of information about Tahiti and the Hawaiian Islands in the last decade of the eighteenth century."
George Vancouver (1757–1798), a naval officer and explorer, grew up in King’s Lynn, England, the youngest of six children. After entering the Royal Navy in 1771, he served in both the second and third great exploratory voyages of James Cook. During Cook’s second voyage, a three-year quest to find a legendary southern continent, Vancouver received instruction from the astronomer William Wales. During Cook’s third voyage, to the Pacific Northwest, Vancouver was part of the first known group of Europeans to land on the coast of present-day British Columbia.
Vancouver gained valuable navigational, surveying, and mapping experience in the Pacific Northwest during his time with Cook. After returning from Cook’s third voyage in 1780, Vancouver was promoted to lieutenant and spent the following nine years serving on fighting ships, primarily in the Caribbean.
In 1790, Vancouver was chosen to captain the Discovery and charged with a mission to discover and chart the vast areas of the Pacific that were still unknown, in part to locate a Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This four-year voyage of discovery circumnavigated the globe and eliminated the possibility of an inland Northwest Passage. During many months of surveying, Vancouver produced detailed regional maps of the Northwest Coast, as far north as Alaska. He also established several hundred place-names for physical features in the areas surveyed.
Upon returning to England in 1795, Vancouver’s voyage received little recognition, and he faced personal and political attacks from colleagues and crew members alleging abuse of power. With his health failing, Vancouver spent his remaining years in retirement, revising his journal for publication. His Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and Round the World was first published in 1798, which was also the year of his death. It contained a multi-volume account of his voyage as well as an atlas of his maps. His exploration and mapmaking activities greatly increased knowledge of the North American coast.
